Water Quality: Protecting Household Drinking Water
Module 3

Lesson 2 - Public Drinking Water Supply Standards Information Sheet
Acknowledgement: Taken from "Living on the Land 2001"


(see www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/mcl.pdf)

Primary Standards Approved by the EPA

Contaminant Maximum Contaminant Level
Arsenic (As)  0.05 ppm1
Barium (Ba)  2 ppm
Fluoride (F) 4 ppm
Mercury (Hg) 0.002 ppm
Nitrate (NO3 as N) 10 ppm
Turbidity 1 turbidity unit
Coliforms, Fecal Coliform, E. coli Cannot be present

 

Secondary Standards Approved by the EPA

Contaminant Maximum Contaminant Level
Chloride (Cl) 250 ppm
Color 15 color units
Copper (Cu) 1 ppm
Fluoride (F) 2 ppm
Iron (Fe) 0.3 ppm
pH 6.5 – 8.5
Sulfate (SO4) 250 ppm
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 500 ppm
Zinc (Zn) 5 ppm

 

Lead/Copper Action Level
Contaminant Action Level2
Copper (Cu) 1.3 ppm
Lead  0.015 ppm
   

 

Additional Water Characteristics

Characteristic Consideration
Alkalinity5  
Boron 4,5 Too much boron is harmful to plants
Bicarbonate (HCO3)5  
Calcium (Ca)3,4,5 High levels increase pH in water and soils
Carbonate (CO3)5  
EC (Electrical Conductivity)5

Measures salt concentration of water in umhos/cm

0 – 400              excellent
400 – 8,500
      satisfactory
over 8,500        objectionable

Hardness 0 – 75 ppm           soft
75 – 150 ppm       moderately hard
150 – 300 ppm     hard
Over 300 ppm      very hard
Magnesium (Mg)3,4,5 Laxative effect, quickly adjusted to by newcomers
Potassium (K)4 Plant nutrient; adds to TDS.  Consult personal physician for health implications
Silica5  
Sodium (Na)5 Consult personal physician for health implications
  1. ppm (parts per million; your report may instead report as mg/l which is an equivalent unit)

  2. If your first-draw sample exceeds these levels, consider the need to take preventive action

  3. Used to calculate hardness

  4. Required for plant growth.  Influence on humans or livestock from concentration in water not available.  No known health risk

  5. Laboratory us


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